JUNIPER
Juniper and its volatile oil have long enjoyed a considerable reputation in folk medicine as a diuretic and as a treatment in various conditions of the kidneys and bladder. They are also recommended for their carminative action in cases of indigestion and gas. The juniper berries are usually prepared in a mixture with other medications as a tea. For treating rheumatism, the berries themselves are eaten. The berries are also said to have a stimulating effect on the appetite; this may account for their incorporation as a flavoring agent in such dishes as sauerkraut. Over 105 constituents have been found in the essential oil, seventy-seven of which have been identified. Extracting the berries with 70 percent alcohol yields a volatile oil-rich preparation, technically called a "spirit," which is suggested for either external or internal use in these conditions. The diuretic action of juniper results from its contained volatile oil and, specifically, the constituent designated terpinen-4-ol, which increases the glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys. However, excessive doses of the medication may produce kidney irritation, and in the case of persons already suffering from kidney disease, care should be taken from even normal therapeutic doses. Juniper and its preparations must not be used by expectant mothers since they not only increase intestinal movements but also stimulate contraction of the uterus. Juniper is tonic, diuretic, and strongly antiseptic within the urinary tract. Juniper is a valuable remedy for cystitis, and helps to relieve fluid retention but should be avoided incases of kidney disease. In the digestive system, juniper is warming and settling, easing colic and supporting the function of the stomach. Taken internally or applied externally, juniper is helpful for chronic arthritis, gout, and rheumatic conditions. Applied externally as a diluted essential oil, juniper has a slightly warming effect on the skin and is thought to promote the removal of waste products from underlying tissues. Juniper also stimulates menstruation and increases menstrual flow.
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